Consenting Adults--The Idea Of Consent In The Works Of Locke And Rouss

Consenting Adults--The Idea Of Consent In The Works Of Locke And Rousseau Consenting Adults The idea of consent is a key element in the works of John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. In the ?Second Treatise of Government,? Locke puts forth his conception of the ideal form of government based on a social contract. As Locke develops his theory of consent, he also incorporates theories of political obligation on the part of all citizens of his state as well as his theory of revolution and the conditions under which rebellion is permissible. Though Locke may appear to have explored the notion of consent completely, there are some problems with his theory that weaken its impact. Despite the possible problems encountered with Locke's idea of consent in a political society, Rousseau, in his essay ?On the Social Contract,? seems to agree with Locke with regards to the concept of consent as it applies to the use of money. The works of Locke and Rousseau explore political foundations that depend on a social contract which requires consent above all things in order to secure liberty f or the people. John Locke powerfully details the benefits of consent as a principle element of government, guaranteed by a social contract. Locke believes in the establishment of a social compact among people of a society that is unique in its ability to eliminate the state of nature. Locke feels the contract must end the state of nature agreeably because in the state of nature ?every one has executive power of the law of nature?(742). This is a problem because men are then partial to their own cases and those of their friends and may become vindictive in punishments of enemies. Therefore, Locke maintains that a government must be established with the consent of all that will ?restrain the partiality and violence of men?(744). People must agree to remove themselves from the punishing and judging processes and create impartiality in a government so that the true equality of men can be preserved. Without this unanimous consent to government as holder of executive power, men who attempt to establish a bsolute power will throw society into a state of war(745). The importance of freedom and security to man is the reason he gives consent to the government. He then protects himself from any one partial body from getting power over him. He can appeal to a higher authority in his community once the consent of the people sets up a judiciary(746). As Locke develops his theory of consent, he addresses the issue of liberty and states that in giving consent, men do give up their ?natural liberty,? which involves being free from the will of any man and living by the law of nature. However, in the social contract we exchange this natural liberty for ?freedom of men under government,? in which we have a natural, standing rule to live by, common to everyone, made by the legislative(747). With consent to government, men still have the liberty to follow their own will in matters where the law does not dictate otherwise. Therefore, men do not have to suffer enslavement to political institutions. For Locke, this justifies consent to government and ordered society. Locke incorporates his views on money into his consent theory, for he feels that men have agreed tacitly, with the invention of money, to put a value on property and establish rights to it(751). The consent of men to place a value on money has allowed men to support themselves with property and labor and also ?increase[s] the common stock of mankind?(751). Consent makes industry and the accumulation of the wealth of society possible and Locke considers this a positive achievement. Involved deeply in the theory of consent is Locke's interpretation of political obligation. Locke views government as essential to the evolution of a civil society in which the inconveniences of the state of nature are rejected while the safety and security men desire are protected by government. Therefore, the people, as part of the social contract, have a duty to obey the laws instituted by government and to accept the concept of majority rule as fundamental to the continued equality of the society. In consenting to political authority, men agree to allow

Free Essays on Masks Of Africa

Masks of Africa: Since the earliest times masks have played an important role in the culture of Africa. Masks have varied in appearance and function. Many masks are associated with religious ceremonies, myth, dance, rituals or are concerned with spirits of the dead, rites, or even curing sickness. The mask has been used by the Africans mainly to solve major human and social problems. When a man wears a mask his identity is hidden and the expression on the mask projects a new identity. If the features on the mask are unnatural such as an abstract from an animal, it will make the mask emit a more effective and dramatic identity. Because the person is wearing a mask the human identity is hidden so the viewer is unsettled, this causes the man wearing the mask to be strange or unpredictable, this leads the viewer to become fascinated so the masked man can deceive the viewer. Masks representing harmful spirits were often used to keep a required balance of power. This type of mask was often associated with secret societies, especially in Africa, which has the greatest variety of masks on Earth. In ancient Egypt priests used masks to represent gods. Masks were also placed upon the face of mummies to keep alive the appearance of the deceased after death or to give a boost to him and his image. Masks use different facial features such as idealizing human features, frightening features, animal features and naturalistic features to give a deeper meaning to what the mask is meant to express. Masks were often used as a form of ranking in villages, for example a mighty warrior who is known to have a lot of strength would be presented with a mask that would describe this type of strength (e.g. a wolf’s mask) whereas the village’s leader would have a distinct mask that no one else has, as a symbol of his power and status in the elite, e.g. (an eagle’s mask). Masks may also be used to help identify the members of a village or tribe by hav... Free Essays on Masks Of Africa Free Essays on Masks Of Africa Masks of Africa: Since the earliest times masks have played an important role in the culture of Africa. Masks have varied in appearance and function. Many masks are associated with religious ceremonies, myth, dance, rituals or are concerned with spirits of the dead, rites, or even curing sickness. The mask has been used by the Africans mainly to solve major human and social problems. When a man wears a mask his identity is hidden and the expression on the mask projects a new identity. If the features on the mask are unnatural such as an abstract from an animal, it will make the mask emit a more effective and dramatic identity. Because the person is wearing a mask the human identity is hidden so the viewer is unsettled, this causes the man wearing the mask to be strange or unpredictable, this leads the viewer to become fascinated so the masked man can deceive the viewer. Masks representing harmful spirits were often used to keep a required balance of power. This type of mask was often associated with secret societies, especially in Africa, which has the greatest variety of masks on Earth. In ancient Egypt priests used masks to represent gods. Masks were also placed upon the face of mummies to keep alive the appearance of the deceased after death or to give a boost to him and his image. Masks use different facial features such as idealizing human features, frightening features, animal features and naturalistic features to give a deeper meaning to what the mask is meant to express. Masks were often used as a form of ranking in villages, for example a mighty warrior who is known to have a lot of strength would be presented with a mask that would describe this type of strength (e.g. a wolf’s mask) whereas the village’s leader would have a distinct mask that no one else has, as a symbol of his power and status in the elite, e.g. (an eagle’s mask). Masks may also be used to help identify the members of a village or tribe by hav...

Iconography of power Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Iconography of power - Case Study Example Ancient art uses hierarchy of scale to underpin images of power. It can be defined as specific manipulation with the sizes of objects and space in order to stress the most important ones in a composition. For instance, in the Standard of Ur people of high social status are significantly bigger than their servants. The same applies to Naram-Sin's depiction because it is bigger than any other object in the composition. Important figures are often depicted in conceptual poses which add special meaning to an artwork. In the Naram-Sin victory stele, the king stands above all his followers to present his power over them. The heads of the followers are turned to Naram-Sin to show their respect. In the Standard of Ur, all kings sit while their slaves stand. Sitting is a privilege as it stresses people's high social status compared to those who stand close to them. Narrative composition is a composition which "tells a story" by placing objects in their relation to one another. For instance, W arka vase is a good example of a narrative composition; it shows the relations between people, divinities, animals, water and plants. All objects have the same proportions; connections between them create the story which explains many details about the culture that created the vase. Another good example of narrative composition is the Battle of Till Tuba; this stone relief depicts a battle scene where all characters are depicted in action. Unlike hieratic composition, where relations between people are rendered.

Analysis of the Hospitality and Tourism Provision in Portsmouth Essay

Analysis of the Hospitality and Tourism Provision in Portsmouth - Essay Example the funding provided to the council was utilised for improving the notorious accident prone areas and a number of road junctions (The Berkeley Group, 2012). Approximately 31 cities and night time economy centres of the UK have been granted the Purple Flag status. These include, Bournemouth, Bristol, Leicester Square, and Winchester. Upon adopting this methodology for improving evening and night time offer, Gunwharf Quays can acquire the Purple Flag accreditation. In addition, it will be able to provide better and varied evening and night time fare for those who reside, work, study or visit Portsmouth (Shaping the Future of Portsmouth, 2013). As such, the Purple Flag accreditation informs visitors that there is vibrant, easy and safe access to evening entertainment. Moreover, it would provide businesses with a lucrative area to invest in. This accreditation emerged from the research project conducted by the Civic Trust. This project discerned that centres are used to a greater extent at night, only when they are accessible, safe and provide variety (Shaping the Future of Portsmouth, 2013). Moreover, the presence of a diverse clientele enhances perceptions. In this context, the Portsmouth Community Safety Survey 2012 demonstrated the presence of a substantial difference betwixt the perception of crime and anti-social behaviour, in comparison to the actual experience of such crime. Furthermore, the presence of a vast array of attractions and consumers results in long term economic viability and improved tourism (Shaping the Future of Portsmouth, 2013). A pragmatic and all inclusive audit of the evening and late night economy is provided by the Purple Flag accreditation process of the Association of Town Centre Managers. The evaluation is on the basis of certain specific criteria. Some of these are appeal or the wide variety of venues providing several different types of activity. Movement or the presence of safe, well managed and affordable public transport. Such

Business and Management Personal Statement Examples Essay Example for Free

Business and Management Personal Statement Examples Essay Since my early years, I have been naturally introduced to the world of Business and Economics. Growing up near Central London and Canary Wharf I had always been intrigued by my surroundings and the mechanics of business, and was introduced into the world of Economics further on in my life. My childhood was filled with mini business ventures as well as supporting the start-up businesses of my family’s confectionary store and a technology store, which became the catalyst of my passion for the subject. Recently, I have taken up the initiative to read ‘The Economist’ to broaden my subject knowledge and keep up-to-date with current affairs. I believe a degree related to economics will help me excel in many different fields of work such as business, management, and marketing. I believe that Economics at A-Level and Business at GCSE, equip me with the invaluable skills needed for a degree. The skills I have acquired from studying Business include calculated decision-making as well as learning the ways of raising finance, motivation strategies, and promotional methods. Economics at A-Level has broadened my understanding of economies, firms, and government policy-making as well as making me grasp the importance of finance in society. In my A-Level study of Information Technology, I created an IT-based solution for a business-related problem. This enabled me to develop problem-solving abilities, as I had to evaluate several possible ways of achieving the required solution. Geography requires extensive research and the gathering and creating of information from various sources. I am excited about the challenges that I may face at University, and the chance to advance my skills further. During the summer, I had a work experience placement at Deloitte. I was required to organize and create solutions to different situations in risk advisory, financial services, and technology. This enabled me to apply my skills gained from business such as intense decision-making into a situation. The aim was to analyze each situation and be able to easily identify areas of improvement. I currently have a part-time job at Gadget Converters. Working as a Sales Advisor has helped me to become more confident as I am required to socialize with people from different backgrounds and ages and to handle situations in a professional manner, which I can transfer to a University environment. I also learned about bookkeeping, organizing cash receipts, creating expenditure spreadsheets, and selling platforms. My decision to study a degree related to business was reinforced because of the enjoyment and success I gained in my work experience and current work. Watching documentaries on current affairs ignited my curiosity about the economy and what factors shape it. This degree will allow me to gain wider knowledge and help challenge my theories. I thoroughly enjoy reading; particularly the news and the articles that stem from certain stories. I have also published an article on an upcoming football site called the ‘Liverpool Transfer Room’. This opened the door of publishing articles through the WordPress platform and has given me the opportunity to write to an audience. Furthermore, I regularly take part in activities in my local youth club such as table tennis and FIFA competitions. I have been involved in Young Enterprise scheme, in which students were tasked with brainstorming a product, creating a unique selling point and deciding the target market amongst other factors. The workshop provided me a unique insight into the decisions and running of a business. These activities also strengthened my abilities to lead and comm unicate effectively within a team. I look forward to becoming involved in all aspects of university life, not only academically, but also socially and I feel that I would benefit greatly from a place in university as this will help me to pursue my career in Economics.

Optimal Synthetic Aperture Radar Image Detection Essay -- Technology

Introduction The Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a microwave active imagery system that has been largely used due to its possibility of day-and-night operation in all weather conditions. The SAR system generates images by the coherent processing of the scattering signals; this results in a scene texture that has an undesired multiplicative speckled noise, drastically reduces the ability to distinguish the features of the classes [1]. The rejection of the speckle noise motivated many works where ANN algorithms have been applied to SAR imagery classification [2][3][4][5]. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithms have been increasingly applied to remote sensing for image classification in the last years [6][7][8][9]. SAR images have found many applications in the field of Automatic Target Recognition (ATR). Target detection is a signal processing problem whereby one attempts to detect a stationary target embedded in background clutter while minimizing the false alarm probability. The rapid increase of ANN applications in remote sensing imagery classification is mainly due to their ability to perform equally or more accurately than other classification techniques [10]. In a general way, the major advantages of the neural network method over traditional classifiers are: †¢ Easy adaptation to different types of data and input configuration, †¢ Simple incorporation of ancillary data sources, as textural information, which can be difficult or impossible with conventional techniques, †¢ Does not use or need a priori knowledge about parameters of distributions. ANN algorithms find the best nonlinear function, in the optimal case, between the input and the output data without any constraint of linearity or pre-specified nonl... ...e Galinhas, November 2002. 7. J.A. Benediktsson, P.H. Swain, O.K. Ersoy, â€Å"Neural Network approaches versus statistical methods in classification of multisource remote sensing data†, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and. Remote Sensing, v.28, n.4, p.540-552, 1990. 8. H. Bischof, W. Schneider, A.J. Pinz, â€Å"Multispectral classification of landsat-images using neural networks†, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v.30, n.3, p.482-490, 1992. 9. Y. Hara, R.G. Atkins, S.H. Yueh, R.T. Shin, J.A. Kong, â€Å"Application of neural networks to radar image classification†, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v.32, n.1, p.100-109, 1994. 10. K.S. Chen, W.P. Huang, T.H. Tsay, F. Amar, â€Å"Classification of multifrequency polarimetric SAR imagery using a dynamic learning neural network†, IEEE Trans. Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v.34, n.3, p.814-820, 1996.

Selections from Annie John

The passage entitled â€Å"Selections from Annie John† was written by Jamaica Kincaid. In this extract it tells of the life of a young girl and her relationship with her mother. It begins with her stating clearly how being with her mother was an important part of her life. This was followed by narrating the things they did together. She would help her admirable mother to cook and clean. She then goes into detail of what and how things were done in regards to helping her mother with the cooking and cleaning. In the following paragraph she vividly describes her mother and briefly mentions her father. As the narrator is with her mother she tells of how they would spend time by her mother telling her stories of her past. During this past time is where the daughter showed her mother the most affection by leaning on her mother and sniffing her and gazing at her mothers’ beauty. She truly loved her mother for all that she was. As the excerpt progresses the narrator becomes a little older and goes through puberty. During this stage she begins to see new sides of her mother and herself; which, to the narrator were not good sides at all. She didn’t recognize the response she got from her mother as the same woman she grew up loving. Ultimately one day she was confronted by her mother one day coming home late from school. She tried to lie and her mother knew the truth and exposed it. Vicious words were exchanged and in the end this love she had for her mother as a youth has slowly been deteriorated. Her mother ends her rebellious thoughts with a comment that makes the narrator go deep into thought and realises that there is going to be a gap between her and her mother after this day. This extract is a very good example of difficult it is to maintain relationships with parents. I clearly agree with Kincaid’s idea. Her idea shows how easy it is to admire and have good relationship with your parents for years and how one moment can destroy all that was built. All forms of admiration you can have are presented in the passage. The description of the bond between the persona and the mother seems to be unbreakable. How Kincaid presents the theme is very effective. Who would have thought after all the praise of her mother and time with her it would end in that way. It was a shocker. It allowed me to feel bad for the young girl. This also shows how a young person’s disrespect to a parent can negatively impact the way the parent looks at the child. When the daughter said â€Å" well like father like son. Like mother like daughter. † If it wasn’t for that act of disrespect her mother would have probably scolded her and tell her how to do right. After that if I was a parent I wouldn’t even care about helping that child anymore. A lot of young people who are going through puberty think they have already â€Å"made it† and become very disrespectful at times. This can be seen in any teen. I can say this because I was the same way. For every negative comment towards me, was a response to justify or nullify what was said. It’s normal for teens to be rebellious during this maturity stage. This was another bonus for Kincaid to have me on her side. This situation more than likely happens every day. It’s real. On the other hand it also shows how each one of us will mature and we will be treated differently. Not only Kincaid’s passage shows the difficulty in maintaining relationships with parents but it is also an eye opener to young adults as to why we were treated like that at our age. We must learn that as we get older we change and we must act accordingly. This is another serious factor that Kincaid presents. The changes in youth during their adolescence age when these changes occur to the body are quite serious for young children. They don’t know what to do or how to treat these changes. I am fortunate enough to be a boy so my changes weren’t anything too drastic to get help with. However for young girls they have to worry about a lot and as Kincaid present this it is an issue I think is very important for girls to be taught to expect and treat with care. This may also be a reason as to why the subject of Kincaid passage acted in such a manner. Over all the issue kincaids passage presents are all relevant and informative if you read to take what is occurring into consideration.