Essay on artificial intelligence - 471 Words

Artificial intelligence or Al for short capability of a computer to perform functions that is normally associated with human intelligence, such as reasoning, learning or self-improvement. Its concept requests a lot more than present information to the user; it requires that the machine is not only able to store and manipulate information but also to deal with its quot;meaningquot;. AI is what we call understanding, a combination of computer science, physiology and philosophy. The element that the fields of Al have in common is the creation of machines that can quot;thinkquot;. In order to classify machines as quot;thinkingquot;, it is necessary to define intelligence. To what level does intelligence consist of, for example, solving†¦show more content†¦Find out how the military is applying AI logic to its hi-tech systems, and how in the near future Artificial Intelligence may impact our lives. One of the most challenging approaches facing experts is building systems that mim ic the behavior of the human brain, made up of billions of neurons, and arguably the most complex matter in the universe. Perhaps the best way to gauge the intelligence of a machine is British computer scientist Alan Turings test. He stated that a computer would deserve to be called intelligent if it could deceive a human into believing that it was human. Artificial Intelligence has come a long way from its early roots, driven by dedicated researchers. The beginnings of Al reach back before electronics. But philosophers and mathematicians such as Boole and others are theorizing on principles that were used as the foundation of Al Logic had known how to make the difference. Al really began to intrigue researchers with the invention of the computer in 1943. The technology was finally available, or so it seemed, to simulate intelligent behavior. Over the next four decades, despite many stumbling blocks, Al has grown from a dozen researchers, to thousands of engineers and specialists; and from programs capable of playing checkers, to systems designed to diagnose disease. Al has always been on the pioneeringShow MoreRelatedArtificial Intelligence1237 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is artificial intelligence? Should humanity be concerned? There are many interpretations of Artificial intelligence. Merriam Webster’s online dictionary defines artificial intelligence as â€Å"A branch of computer science, dealing with the simulation of intelligent behaviour, in computers or the capability of a machine, to imitate intelligent human behaviour† (Artificial Intelligence, 1828). With technology continually progressing and embedding itself into today’s population, from Siri on iPhoneRead MoreHuman Intelligence And Artificial Intelligence1545 Words   |  7 Pagesconsensus on what human intelligence is, how it works, and how it is formed. There are several different theories as to what intelligence is, and there is no concrete explanation of intelligence. Despite these uncertainties, many have proposed the idea modeling human intelligence and creating artificial intelligence. Many see artificial intelligence as a way to bypass human error and to improve jobs by completing them faster and more accurately. They argue that artificial intelligence can be based onRead MoreHuman Intelligence And Artificial Intelligence1233 Words   |  5 Pagesmentally, as this interaction was at an all-time high, we came up with intelligence. Intelligence has fascinated man since the dawn of time, and lead man to create one of the greatest innovations that rivaled human intelligence: artificial intelligence. The competition between human intelligence and artificial intelligence ultimately leads to the battle of nature and science. Eventually these two forms of intelligence, human and artificial, must coincide and it must be understood how each would interactRead MoreArtificial Intelligence And Human Intelligence3752 Words   |  16 PagesARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Name Mohammed Warsame Institutional Affiliation 26th January, 2015 â€Æ' Table of Contents Artificial Intelligence 3 Abstract 3 Project Outline 4 Introduction 5 Factors that inhibit a human from executing the rational decision 6 Soft Computing Domains Inspired by Biology 8 Soft Computing 8 Artificial Neural Network 9 Genetic Computing and Evolutionary Computing 10 Emotions and Artificial Intelligence 12 Neural Network Inheritance 12 Is there need to Inherit the Entirety of theRead MoreBenefits Of Artificial Intelligence761 Words   |  4 PagesArtificial Intelligence, more commonly referred to by its abbreviations AI, is defined as intelligence displayed by machines rather than humans. Its aptitudes include successfully recognising and comprehending human speech, computing simulations and analysing an immense amount of elaborate data. As there is limitless potential for this technology, there is a lot of research currently underway to develop AI with the ability to outperform humans at virtually every cognitive task, rather than specificRead MoreDisadvantages Of Artificial Intelligence1587 Words   |  7 PagesIntroductions Artificial Intelligence is felt almost everywhere. It is influence basically alters people’s lives, by the technology based applications that is embedded in machines that enhances people’s day to day activity. It is seen and experienced in different institutions, be it public or private, small entity and global. AI, or artificial intelligence, is the automation of human processes by means of machine learning, often done by computer systems. These processes include the acquisition ofRead MoreDisadvantages Of Artificial Intelligence1603 Words   |  7 PagesArtificial Intelligence Introduction Artificial intelligence is the study and development of enabling computer and machine technology to learn, simulate intelligence, use logic, and perform tasks that are typically performed by humans. Artificial intelligence is an area of research that has been prone to controversy. Researchers are conflicted in regards to whether artificial intelligence is beneficial. Some believe that it will help solve many societal issues, others fear that it will cause furtherRead MoreDisadvantages Of Artificial Intelligence909 Words   |  4 Pagesconstantly changing lives easier. However, as we advance in society, controversies start up on the right and wrongs of how our mechanics or robots develop, specifically Artificial Intelligence robots. Artificial intelligence is the ability to understand how to control motion and responses based upon experience. Artificial intelligence in robots are based on human traits such as reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, communication, perception, and movement and manipulation of objects.As of now, ourRead MoreDualism and Artificial Intelligence1235 Words   |  5 Pagestangible and can be recreated according to Turing. Turing, a physicalist, believed that artificial intelligence could be achieved in the future. Turing argued that the mind was merely due to the physical aspects of the brain and so a machine could one day be created that has a mind of its own, i.e. artificial intelligence. He created a test called the Turing Test to determine whether a machine has artificial intelligence. In the Turing Test, an interrogator asks two subjects a series of questions. OneRead MoreEssay On Artificial Intelligence1515 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction I chose Artificial Intelligence since I believe that it is extremely intriguing and important in the field of Information Technology. Artificial Intelligence is the theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages. AI is usually defined as the capability of a computer program to perform tasks or reasoning processes that we associate

Cranberry Morpheme Definition and Examples

In morphology, a cranberry morpheme is a  morpheme (that is, a word element, like the cran- of cranberry) that occurs in only one word. Also called a unique morph(eme), blocked morpheme, and leftover morpheme. Similarly, a cranberry word is a word that occurs in only one phrase, such as the word intents in the phrase all intents and purposes. The term cranberry morpheme was coined by American linguist Leonard Bloomfield in Language (1933). These are other closely related and sometimes confused terms with cranberry morpheme: Bound Morpheme and Free MorphemeComplex WordIdiomRoot Compound and Synthetic Compound Examples and Observations The bound morphemes in neo-classical compounds have an identifiable meaning, but there are also morphemes that have no clear meaning. In the word cranberry, the part berry is identifiable, and this makes us interpret the word cranberry as denoting a particular kind of berry. Yet, cran- has no particular meaning. . . . This phenomenon of cranberry morphemes is widespread, and is to be expected since complex words can lexicalize and thus survive, even though one of their constituent morphemes has disappeared from the lexicon. . . .Cranberry morphemes like English cran- . . . thus form a problem for an exclusively meaning-based definition of the notion morpheme.(Geert Booij, The Grammar of Words: An Introduction to Morphology, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2007) Morphemes and Meaning Is it possible for a bound morpheme to be so limited in its distribution that it occurs in just one complex word? The answer is yes. This is almost true, for example, of the morpheme leg- read in legible . . .: at least in everyday vocabulary, it is found in only one other word, namely illegible, the negative counterpart of legible. And it is absolutely true of the morphemes cran-, huckle- and gorm- in cranberry, huckleberry and gormless. . . . A name commonly given to such bound morpheme is cranberry morpheme. Cranberry morphemes are more than just a curiosity, because they reinforce the difficulty of tying morphemes tightly to meaning. . . . (You may have noticed, too, that although blackberries are indeed blackish, strawberries have nothing obvious to do with straw; so, even if straw- in strawberry is not a cranberry morpheme, it does not by itself make any predictable semantic contribution in this word.)(Andrew Carstairs-McCarthy, An Introduction to English Morphology: Words and Their Structure. Edinburgh University Press, 2002) Is Cran- Truly a Cranberry Morpheme? [Peter] Hook reported that cran itself was not a cranberry morpheme: he had seen cranberry harvesting and could vouch for the abundance of cranes as spectator-participants in the process, hence the term cranberry.(Probal Dasgupta, Rephrasing the Question of Complex Predicates in Bangla: A Biaxial Approach. Annual Review of South Asian Languages and Linguistics: 2012, ed. by Rajendra Singh and Shishir Bhattacharja. Walter de Gruyter, 2012) The Once-Over An example [of a cranberry word], from many, is the word once-over. If you give someone or something the once-over you make a quick inspection, with a view to deciding on the merits of the person or whatever it may be. The word once-over clearly makes a semantic contribution to the expressions in which it occurs; its meaning, presumably, is quick inspection. To this extent, give someone/something the once-over is interpreted in accordance with the dictionary meaning of once-over. On the other hand, once-over is not freely available to occupy the N-slot of a noun phrase; the word is virtually restricted to occurring in the cited phrase. (Note, in this connection, the virtually obligatory use of the definite determiner.) The phrase, along with its conventional meaning, has to be learned as such.(John R. Taylor, The Mental Corpus: How Language is Represented in the Mind. Oxford University Press, 2012) More Examples of Cranberry Morphemes (or Bound Roots) The morphemes luke-, cran-, -ept, and -kempt . . . appear only in lukewarm, cranberry, inept, and unkempt. We dont use the term lukecold, nor do we use cran- anywhere other than attacked to berry, and we dont ever say He is an inept writer, but she is very ept, or Her hair looked kempt. So the rules that attach un- to -kempt or luke- to warm are not productive; they derive only these words. We will also define morphemes such as cran-, luke-, -ept, and -kempt as bound roots because they cannot stand alone as free morphemes and because they dont occur as affixes in other English words.(Kristin Denham and Anne Lobeck, Linguistics for Everyone. Wadsworth, 2010)

Statistical Analysis Of Early Detection Of Liver Cirrhosis

Statistical Analysis Of Early Detection Of Liver Cirrhosis Through Medical Image Processing Megha Bahdauria1,Chetna Garg1, Dr. Saurabh Mukherjee2, K.F. Rahman2 1.Mtech Scholar, Department of Computer Science, Banasthali University, Rajasthan, India 2. Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science, Banasthali University, Rajasthan, India Abstract: Statistical operations provide the means of principle of solving the many type of problems which require the uncertain information in cirrhosis. This paper discusses the statistical operations. Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ultrasound etc has been proved very helpful in diagnosing liver cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is an endemic disease across the world that leads to observed†¦show more content†¦To let the liver function properly it is important to detect cirrhosis in early stage. Now a days several noninvasive imaging techniques have been developed recently for detection of liver cirrhosis such as CT, USG, MRI. In this paper we have used CT scan images of liver cirrhosis and applied some statistical operations on those CT images such as mean, median, standard deviation and mode. II. Methodology: CT scans are challenging because of the different image characteristics that must be considered. Here we will be considering the statistical features of a CT scan of liver which is having liver cirrhosis as a disease. The methodology followed is given below: Fig.1 Flow Chart of Methodology Used (1).Image Acquisition : To get an image of which you want to extract some features. (2).Image Preprocessing : It is common practice to perform preprocessing on acquired CT scan images before extracting the features of images. Here we have applied the statistical operation on the preprocessed images After acquiring the image various preprocessing methods can be apply. The aim of this step is to improve the quality of the image that suppress unwanted distortion and enhance the image features which is important for further processing. Such as increase or decrease brightness, shape, contrast, remove the noise from the image. (3).Statistical analysis : Image analysisShow MoreRelatedHepatitis C And The Silent Epidemic2491 Words   |  10 Pagesof the liver. It is caused by the Hepatitis C virus (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2015). As a result, Hepatitis C has been termed a silent epidemic (CDC, 2015). This is because a lot of individuals have Hepatitis C and don’t even realize they have the infection (CDC, 2015). As the infection begins to progress over time, it could cause acute issues to the liver (CDC, 2015). Those issues could be things like damage to the liver, the liver could fail to function, cirrhosis, or evenRead MoreCommunity Acquired Pneumonia18251 Words   |  74 Pagespreventing pneumonia, particularly in immunocompromised and older adults, which is administered annually. (Schmitt, 2011) The Prognosis of pneumonia is generally good, with rapid recovery when it is recognized and treated early. (Hockenberry, 2007) According to the National Statistical Coordination Board of the Philippines, there are 776,562 of pneumonia in the country in 2004 alone. This could be an implication that pneumonia is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the country. (Nemours

The Choice of a Negotiation Strategy

Question: According to Savage, Blair and Sorenson (1989), the choice of a negotiation strategy in any given situation depends on the level of the negotiators concern for relationship and substantive goals.Consider the following scenarios:Scenario 1 You are negotiating a job offer with the Global HR Director at a highly reputable company. This company is ranked in No. 1 in terms of revenues generated.Scenario 2 You are negotiating the purchase of a car from a young salesman at a second- hand car dealer. This dealer is located in a very busy car mart that has more than 50 other car dealers onsite. Formulate your analysis of the two scenarios by using the Dual Concerns Model selected model and recommend the negotiation strategy(ies) which would be appropriate for use in each scenario. As part of your answer, you should highlight three (3) key characteristics of each recommended strategy.Provide examples and reasons which are specific to the given scenarios to support your analysis. Examine thre e (3) likely perceptual distortions and/or cognitive biases which you may have for each scenario above.Appraise how these would have affected your negotiation tactics. Answer: Perception is referred as the process of responding to different situations (Dawson, 1999). In broader terms, the perception is a complex ongoing process through which person is able to continually transform the information that he gets from the outside world into useful representations. Further, perceptual distortions refer to processes through which people connect to their environment abnormally. In other words, these are the situations when a person senses and perceives as per his state of mind (Saunders, 2010). Many times, perceiving of different situations can be abnormal. These perceptual distortions are consequence of cognitive biases, psychological disorders, drugs or any diseases related to brain (Dawson, 1999). Perception of a person is effectively defined using the perpetual process. By definition, perpetual process refers to the series of psychological steps that is used by a person to organise and interpret information from outside world. Perpetual process enables the pe rson to experience the world around him/her (Taylor, 1999). Although it is a series of steps but the person dont spend much time thinking about the steps instead take instant decisions. The steps involved in the perpetual process model are:1. Objects are present in the outside world: First step is that there is wide-variety of objects available in the outside world. It depends upon the person which objects he picks up. 2. A person observes the object: Second step is that the person observes all the objects. 3. Person picks a perception to select objects: At third step, the person picks up a perception to select objects. The selection of the objects usually differs from person to person. Hence, when people react differently, their behaviour can be explained on the basis of perpetual process. 4. Person organises the perception of the selected object: Fourth step is the organisation of the perception of the selected object. There are numerous factors that determine perpetual organisati ons. These include figure-ground, perpetual grouping, closure, proximity, similarity, perpetual constancy and perceptual context. 5. Person interprets the perception: At fourth step, the person interprets the perception based on the factors discussed above.6. Person responds to the object: Finally, the person responds to the object. Perpetual selection is influenced by numerous internal and external factors. Internal factors include personality, motivation and experience (Davrde, 2005). Alternatively, external factors include size, intensity, contrast, motion, repetition, novelty and familiarity.